Sunday, May 17, 2015

The Ethics of Admissions

An interesting case came up earlier this week when over 60 Asian-American groups filed a Federal discrimination complaint against Harvard University, claiming that students of Asian ancestry were required to meet higher admission standards that applicants of other racial backgrounds. According to the complaint, the coalition has evidence that all else being equal Asian-American students needed to score 140 points higher than whites, 270 points higher than Hispanics, and 450 points higher than African-American applicants on the SAT in order to have the same chance of admission to private universities, including Harvard. This is a troubling claim, especially if the evidence pans out, but the situation becomes even murkier when we consider that Harvard’s current admissions policies have resulted in a student body that is over 21% Asian-American, despite the fact that people of Asian ancestry make up less than 6% of the population of the United States…

I don’t intend to discuss the relative merits of Affirmative Action in this space – mostly because that’s really a political issue and not a business topic, but also because I don’t believe that I have anything particularly profound to say on the subject. The case can certainly be made that some consideration is due to any number of minority groups for the discriminatory practices that they have experienced and in many cases continue to experience – but one can also quite reasonably argue that any policy that does harm to any person who has never themselves done anything wrong is not just, and solving injustice by creating additional injustice makes no bloody sense. And the whole situation becomes more complex as the number of groups seeking to gain a competitive advantage for themselves rises…

In this specific case, it does not seem reasonable to require one specific group of applicants to have much higher performance in order to receive the same consideration, especially if you consider the popular image of Asian students as quiet, studious, incredibly hard-working and single-minded to be a damaging stereotype (as some advocates clearly do). But, at the same time, it is difficult to explain why being represented in the student body at nearly 400% of your relative representation in the general population is discriminatory. Certainly, there are other minority groups that do not enjoy anything like this level of disproportional admissions, and one could easily imagine any or all of them filing complaints about the preference that is apparently being given to their Asian-American counterparts…

The University has responded to the allegations by stating that their admissions process is based on a holistic reading of all of the applicant’s scores, grades, activities, abilities, writing skills, academic skills, and so on, including whether or not it believes that a given applicant would be a good fit for their program. This is actually very common among elite schools, and may be the only reasonable way to choose between the literally hundreds of applicants for every position in the incoming class. Unfortunately, this doesn’t address the specific complaint the coalition is making; it also doesn’t answer the conflict at the heart of the matter. Is it more important to have a diverse student body (or work force, for that matter), or to provide a completely level playing field for the students who are competing for admission to that school?

On the one hand, no one wants to have to tell any specific applicant group that they will need scores 140 points higher (let alone 450 points higher) than another specific group to be considered for admission. But by the same token, no one wants to tell members of any specific applicant group that none of them are going to be admitted because the incoming class is now made up almost entirely of people from one or two other groups. This is the specific injustice that the Affirmative Action programs were intended to fight in the first place, but now we seem to have reached a situation where we can’t correct the injustice being done to one applicant group without inflicting an equivalent (or even worse) injustice on another. How can we possibly reconcile the desire to have a diverse student body with the need to offer every applicant an equal chance at admission? Or, for that matter, how can we correct the current inequity without making things even worse?

It’s worth thinking about…

No comments: