Sunday, June 24, 2012

The Ethics of Screening

Once again, let me being by assuring everyone that I have no issues, ethical or otherwise, with the constructs that prevent insects from flying into your house, upon which you watch movies, or with which your t-shirts are decorated; the screening I refer to today is the use of test questions asked of job applicants in advance of your interviewing them. This is hardly a new practice; the use of telephone screenings predates the existence of the Internet and most of its current users, and the use of intermediaries to lower the number of applicants you personally have to speak with predates the Industrial Revolution and possibly the rise of human civilization. But given the new technologies being used for these procedures, and the potential for abuse in the Internet era, it seemed worth discussing further…

With the rise of Internet job search services like Monster and Career Builder the traditional task of weeding out the applicant pool has expanded by several orders of magnitude – because so has the size of that pool. Before these systems were available it took time and cost money to apply for a job – there was the cost of typing a cover letter and the expense of printing a copy of your resume on nice paper, not to mention postage to get it there. Consequently, most job seekers were limited in the number of resumes they could send out, and would elect to concentrate their resources on jobs for which they actually qualified. Today, applying for a job is as cheap and simple as pushing a button, and millions of people apparently do this without even bothering to look at the job description…

To counter this, many companies have taken to using automated systems that can use the incoming applications and materials to create a database, which they then mine for applicants who might actually prove suitable for the job. Unfortunately, some of these work better than others, and even very good human resources software is far from perfect, resulting in many applicants who would otherwise be ideal being excluded on the basis of minutiae like formatting and font size, while many others who should never have applied in the first place end up clogging up the works. Clearly there is a saving in salaries to be realized by not having to pay people to dig through this mountain of useless resumes, but if the optimal applicant is not selected for interview (and therefore not hired) there will be a non-zero cost as well…

Then there’s the use of telephone or Internet-based testing. Phone interviews clearly offer an opportunity to use human discretion and judgment when evaluating applicants, but they put hearing-impaired applicants and anyone who particularly dislikes telephone conversations (it’s more common than you might think) at a significant disadvantage. Internet-based assessment tests eliminate the awkwardness of trying to persuade someone who can’t see you (and whom you can’t see) to hire you, but they impart a significant disadvantage to anyone who can’t see well, can’t type well, or does not perform well on standardized tests (computerized or otherwise). In fact, some of the number-sequence and reading-based questions are so disproportionately difficult to some applicants (dyslexics, for example) as to be questionable under the Americans with Disabilities Act…

All of which leads me to ask: do we have an ethical responsibility to give all applicants an equal chance to be selected for interview, and an equal chance to make their case for why they should be hired? If so, does that responsibility over-ride our fiduciary responsibility to our ownership group to contain recruiting costs? Can we ethically use electronic and/or telephone screenings knowing that some worthwhile people will be denied the opportunity to work for us because they will be unjustly screened out? Can we responsibly use such methods knowing that in some cases the best applicants will be incorrectly screened out, resulting in financial loss to our company? Or should we just leave matters up to the hiring managers involved, and let them make the choices they are being employed by the company to make anyway?

It’s worth thinking about…

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