Wednesday, June 14, 2017

Museum of Failure

As I’ve mentioned a number of times on this blog, I originally went back to grad school to learn more about management failure, with an eye towards getting people to stop running perfectly good companies into the ground. This turns out to be harder than you would expect, because as one of my professors pointed out during my first year in Michigan, it’s difficult to study companies that don’t exist anymore. Even if you could find financial data, operational records or human resources information for defunct companies, and you generally can’t, the problems that killed the company could just as easily be intangibles like personality conflicts, poor stakeholder management, greedy owners, poor corporate governance, or sudden economic downturns. Usually the best you can do is study the failure of specific products or programs…

Regular readers of this blog (assuming I have readers) already know that I collect these stories; they’re a staple of my lectures at MSU as well as a major part of why the “Stupidity” tag appears on more of these posts than any other. Sometimes I do find myself having to remind people that most businesses (and business people) aren’t actually idiotic failures; it’s just that people who operate a business successfully very rarely need to hire management consultants, and they even more rarely do anything funny enough to be worth making snarky comments about in a business blog. And while anyone who aspires to run a successful company, or even work for one, absolutely should study the way successful firms have accomplished their missions, I was still practically giddy when I learned that an entrepreneur and clinical psychologist had launched a Museum of Failure in the city of Helsingborg, Sweden…

You can visit the Museum’s own site if you want more information, or pick up the Detroit News story online if you’d like to read about the operation. Some of the artifacts in their collection will probably already be familiar to the reader, such as the infamous Apple Newton PDA or the venerable Sony Betamax, while others may have slipped under your radar, like the Harley-Davidson fragrance products or the visually revolting green catsup. But while many of these items may move you to wonder what the inventors were thinking, the key point of this exhibition isn’t so much that they failed as specifically how. Because while many of these products are every bit as preposterous as they sound, some of them are quite sound in themselves…

Take, for example, the Betamax. Most people know it simply as an older format that lost out to the more common VHS tapes (before the entire product category were rendered obsolete by DVDs, Blu-rays, and eventually streaming video services). What most people today may not realize (or remember) is that the Betamax was actually a better product. By any objective standard, the Betamax had better picture quality, better sound quality, better workmanship, and was generally more reliable than even the most advanced VHS systems. What did it in wasn’t price or quality so much as a fundamental misunderstanding of the market – and the competition…

When Sony first introduced the Betamax it was a very innovative concept: bringing both the size and the cost of video tape down to the point where any private citizen could have one at home. Consequently, the company decided to keep close control of all aspects of the system, refusing to allow anyone else to use the technology. With no real competitors, they could set the price point wherever they wanted to, and take their time bringing out additional features. The extent to which their competitors reverse-engineers the Betamax design remains somewhat unclear, but in addition to the lower price it was the longer tape running time and pre-recorded tapes that made the VHS so much more successful. With a run time of less than an hour, later increase to just over two, it would be difficult to record movies from cable or broadcast television on a Beta tape, and initially it was almost impossible to find anything pre-recorded on one…

Now, I don’t mean to suggest that the failure of the Betamax, or any of the other products in the Museum, for that matter, would have been easy to predict in advance. If I could tell you with any certainty what products or features would sell in any specific market I could probably have retired on the fees from telling companies not to build the Apple III, the Google Glass, or the Pontiac Aztec. I am in full agreement with the founder of the Museum that all future innovators, and the operational leadership of companies attempting to sell new and innovative products, should study all of the products in this collection, and any others that they can get their collective hands on…

Because I can almost guarantee you that the next big exhibit in the Museum of Failure will have its initial product launch any time now…

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